Literature Research and Essay Sleep Deprivation and...

What is the recent evidence that links sleep deprivation with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease? Introduction Recently, many epidemiology studies were conducted to find out the effect of sleep deprivation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sleep deprivation is a concern for the working population especially the shift-workers. If sleep deprivation leads to cardiovascular diseases, they are at higher risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. I chose five recent studies that provide an insight of the relationship between sleep deprivation and cardiovascular diseases. Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP A cohort study was conducted by van Leeuwen et al to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular system through immunological response (van Leeuwen et al., 2009). Nineteen healthy young men with regular sleeping behaviour had physical screening. The experimental group (n=13) had sleep duration of 4 hours for 5 nights, followed by recovery sleep (8 hours) for 2 nights. Proliferation of IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine increased significantly after sleep restriction and its concentration was not reduced to baseline level after 2 nights of recovery sleep. In addition, significant increase of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker was also measured and its concentrationShow MoreRelatedPsychological And Biological Factors Of Health Psychology2113 Words   |  9 Pagescontributors to health and disease. Health is determined by several factors including genetic inheritance, personal behaviours, access to quality health care, and the general external env ironment. Over the past several decades, the area of health psychology has seen the rise of a great interest from researchers, motivated by recent evidence that psychological and biological factors have important implications for health (Kiecolt-Glaser et al. 2002; Cohen et al. 2007). This essay addresses the interplayRead MoreExploring the Relationship Between Physical Health and Mental Health for the Person with Dementia.5918 Words   |  24 Pages aggression and wandering, which complicate care and can occur at any stage of the illness. Family carers of people with dementia are often old and frail themselves with high levels of depression and physical illness† (DOH 2009) The following Essay will consider the relationship and impact between physical health and a diagnosis of dementia, for the person with dementia and their family carers. The importance of having a focus on both physical health and healthy living will be discussed, andRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 PagesThis has been investigated in biomedical research. Smoking leads to various diseases like asthma, insomnia, heart murmurs, emphysema, strokes, heart disease and lung cancer among a wide variety of diseases and conditions. Lung cancer causes nearly 27% of deaths in smokers alone. This form of cancer may appear as soon as one starts smoking. It takes many years for lung cancer to manifest. It is considered as a number one killer in smokers. Also, heart disease leads to 24% of deaths from smoking. TheRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesmethod? The scientific method proves or disproves competing ideas. Scientists make careful observations and therapies which are revised based on new observations . 2. The steps of the scientific method are (1) identify a problem or research question, (2) design a study, (3) collect data, (4) analyze data, (5) draw conclusions, and (6) communicate findings. Identify the step associated with each of the following activities: __3___ Dr. Lopez noted absent or present by each students

Reflection Paper On Dominican Republic - 819 Words

Dominican Republic Reflection I thought going back to the Dominican Republic for a second year would feel like being the parents on Christmas morning: you get to watch everyone else’s reaction to the stuff you’ve already seen, and you just get to sit back and help throw away the wrapping paper. I thought I had, in a way, already had my transformative moment; I was there to see my Dominican friends again, to help my HGP friends experience the trip, and to do some good for the people of the Dominican Republic. Most of the week felt that way. I was still bonding and having fun with the kids, but it definitely felt like I was there to help more than to experience. I felt more emotionally protected, and it wasn’t until I was saying goodbye†¦show more content†¦It’s not something that can be quantified; I can’t show you pictures of all the houses we built, or of the rainwater ditch we dug. I don’t even think saying that the trip was life-c hanging does it justice, because the whole concept of â€Å"life-changing† is pretty clichà ©. After all, how could just two weeks in a country really â€Å"change your life?† Again, you kind of have to be there. So what makes this trip so unique? What’s the takeaway? What did I really learn? Well for one, I can say that I have so much interest in and respect for Hispanic and especially Dominican culture. Hospitality, acceptance, kindness, and a welcoming smile are things that are certainly lacking in the states. It may seem insignificant, but there’s something special about walking past a stranger, and not having to put your head down, make a stern face, and continue in a straight line. But I think the bigger lesson to learn, though, involves poverty and inequality of opportunity. Two years ago, I could have pulled up tons of statistics about poverty, and how poor the majority of the world is. The conditions that some people live under are really just c ruel, but it’s not the hut made from the leaves that’s the cruel thing; it’s our big houses, luxury cars, and designer clothes. Father Don said, â€Å"Poverty isn’t when someone has no shoes and has to look to a superior to ask for shoes; poverty is when they ask, and the superiors don’t give them anything.† This really stuck with me. Poverty isn’tShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Cultural Immersion1732 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Immersion Reflection Paper Growing up as a Caucasian American Jewish girl living in Brooklyn in the 1950s, Puerto Rico was this magical island in a far away land where rich people would vacation and honeymoon. Puerto Rico was a fantasy world island just the way the theme parks in Orlando are a fantasy getaway. 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Fundamental Analysis and Prediction of Earnings †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Fundamental Analysis and Prediction of Earnings. Answer: Introduction: National storage Australia is one of the largest self storage organizations in Australian market. Through analysis over the company, it has been found that this company has been come into existence to offer various services and the products of the consumers. This company has come into existence in 20th century and currently, this company is diversifying its market into various new markets to enhance the profitability and position of the company. This company is engaged with various other companies and offer them outsourcing option o keep their stock in a proper manner. This company offers Self storage, records management, business storage, climate controlled wine storage and vehicle and trailer hire, vehicle storage, insurance, packaging and other value added services. Currently, 56000 storage units are held the organization to maintain the operations. This company also serves its operations into New Zealand. The National Storage Australia has set its principles and rules of corporate governance according to the Australian stock exchange corporate governance council principles. Thus, it has been found that the approach of corporate governance has been followed by the company in proper way. Corporate governance strategy of the company depict that the comapny is performing its operations and functions in such a manner that the company could perform well in the market through not harming the society. Through the analysis, it has been found that the corporate governance of the company is quite different in its annual report and the website. Though the meaning of both the lines is bit similar and company is trying hard to manage the power and the rights of the society. The company is paying to all the directors according to their experiences and the post. Through the analysis, it has been found that company is also offering various bonus and incentive plan to the directors to enhance the position and the performance of the company (Luo et al, 2014). The incentive plans make the remuneration of the directors quite high and attractive. The remuneration plan of the company depends over the position of the director in the company. Subsidiary and portfolio holdings: Further, through the analysis, it has been found that no subsidiary companies are managed by the company. Entire business of the company is managed under a name only. And through the analysis over the annual report of the company and the current trends of the company, it has been found that it is required for the organization to diversify its market and launch some subsidiary companies to enhance the operations. Through the analysis over the position of the company, it has been analyzed that the position and the performance of the total investment in the company is the 73,26,17,000 in 2017. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the net asset of the company is the 1,43,73,25000 and total net liabilities is 70,47,08,000. This depict that the total investment is quite lesser with the total asset of the company (Morote, Garca-Ybarra Castillo, 2013). This has been managed by the company according to the economic position and performance of the company. It has also been found that various figures of the total assets and the liabilities has been changed in last 3 years which has been changed for making the performance of the company better. Further, the current position of the financial statement has been analyzed and it has been analyzed that the current equity the company is the 73,26,17,000 in 2017 whereas the equity position in 2015 and 2016 was 38,56,62,000 and 39,83,50,000.00. The amount has been enhanced by the company to manage the performance in the future. This has been managed by the company according to the economic position and performance of the company. Through the analysis over the position of the company, it has been analyzed that the current net asset of the company is the 1,43,73,25000 in 2017 and 63,09,15,000 and 89,97,27,000 in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Total current assets of the company was 1,65,80,000.00, 2,38,19,000.00 and 4,51,28,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively (Nelson, Balakrishnan Sidhu, 2012). These changes have taken place into the performance of the comapny for managing the position of the company. Through the notes in the annual report of the company, it has been found that level of the working capital has been enhanced to manage the working capital of the company. Further, through the analysis over the position of the company, it has been analyzed that the noncurrent liabilities of the company is the 1,43,73,25000 in 2017 and 63,09,15,000 and 89,97,27,000 in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Total current assets of the company was 21,46,09,000, 46,63,23,000 and 65,35,79,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. These changes have taken place into the performance of the comapny for managing the position of the company (Parker Vannest, 2012). Through the notes in the annual report of the company, it has been found that total noncurrent liabilities of the company have been enhanced to enhance the investment in the company. Moreover, according to the financial position and statement of the company, it has been analyzed that the net profit of the company is the 2,77,37,000, 2,93,61,000.00 and 4,70,04,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. It has been analyzed that the net profit of the company has been enhanced. These changes have taken place into the performance of the comapny according to the total operating expenses of the company. The operating expenses of the company are increasing continuously (Sarsby et al, 2014). More, the financial statement and the position of the company expresses about the performance and the position of the company. It has been analyzed that the net profit of the company is the 2,77,37,000.00, 2,93,61,000.00 and 4,70,04,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. It has been analyzed that the net profit of the company has been enhanced. These changes have taken place into the performance and depict about the positive changes into the company Cash flow from operating activities: The cash flow statement of the company has been evaluated, it has been analyzed that the cash flow from operating activities of the company is the 3,75,96,000, 4,92,85,000.00 and 6,50,96,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. It has been analyzed that the net profit of the company has is highest cash inflow item whereas the payment to suppliers are highest cash outflow of the company. These changes have taken place into the performance of the comapny according to the total operating expenses of the company. The operating expenses of the company are increasing continuously. Through the analysis over the position of the company, it has been analyzed that the cash flow from investing activities of the company is the -14,92,64,000, -15,79,61,000.00 and -44,36,54,000.00 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. It has been analyzed that the various investment has been done by the company to manage the functions in the market. The main investment done by the company is the purchase of subsidiary companies. By evaluating the financial statement and cash flow statement of the company, it has been analyzed that the net cash flow from all the activities of the company is the 12,30,000, 38,84,000.00 and 97,33,000 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively. It has been analyzed that the various investment has been done by the company to manage the functions in the market. The profitability of National Storage Australia has been evaluated through measuring the profitability ratios. These ratios have been calculated to analyze the performance of the company so that a better decision could be made by the investors. The net profit ratio has been decreased from in 2017 from the year 2015. The current position of the company is not well and this depicts that the expenses of the company has been higher than the revenues of the company in 2017 from 2015. Further, the ratio of return on equity of the company expresses that the position of the company has been lower and the profit margin of the company has also been lower (Yasin, 2014). Though, the current position of the company, it has been found that the profit position of the company has been lower due to various internal and external changes in last 2 years. The asset efficiency of National Storage Australia has been evaluated through measuring the efficiency ratios. These assets turnover ratios of the company have been calculated to analyze the performance of the company so that a better decision could be made by the management of the company (Lou et al, 2012). The position of asset turnover ratio depicts about increment in the position of assets from 2015 in 2017. Though, the current position of the company, it has been found that the position and performance is becoming bit better. The receivable turnover ratio of the company has increased the level from 2015 in 2017. Further, it explains that the position of cash and operations has been better. The company has faced few changes into the policies. The liquidity ratio of the company has been decreased from 2015 in 2017. This analysis express about the performance of the company. Thus, it is suggested to the company to make various changes into the position of debt and assets of the com pany. The Liquidity position of National Storage Australia has been evaluated through measuring the various liquidity ratios. These liquidity ratios of the company have been calculated to analyze the cash and liquid position of the company so that a better decision could be made by the management of the company (Grantz, 2016). Further, the current ratio of the company has been analyzed and it has been better and the level of current assets has been enhanced in current year in comparison of current liabilities from 2015 in 2017. The current position of the company express about better changes in the organization. The quick ratio of the company has been enhanced from 2015 in 2017 due to changes into the quick assets of the company. Further, the quick position of the company has been better from 2015 in 2017 (Zhang et al, 2013). The cash flow ratio of the company has been enhanced from 2015 in 2017. Though, this expresses that the performance of the organization has been better. Capital structure gearing: The capital structure gearing position of National Storage Australia has been evaluated through measuring the various capital related ratios. These capital structure gearing ratios of the company have been calculated to analyze the assets and debt position of the company so that a better decision could be made by the management of the company. The debt asset ratio of the company has been enhanced from 2015 in 2017. Though, the current position of the company is quite better than last year and depict about various positive changes (Hajkowicz, Cook Littleboy, 2012). The debt equity ratio of the company has been decreased from 2015 in 2017. Though, the current position of the company is bit better than last year. Though, this expresses that the performance of the organization has been better. Horizontal analysis of income statement: Item 06/14 Changes 06/15 Changes 06/16 Changes 06/17 Changes Rental Income 3,97,62,000.00 1.00 5,51,41,000.00 1.00 6,97,09,000.00 1.00 10,58,14,000.00 1.00 Investment Income 37,000.00 0.00 1,70,000.00 0.00 1,55,000.00 0.00 8,53,000.00 0.01 Other Income 58,69,000.00 0.15 83,76,000.00 0.15 98,86,000.00 0.14 1,15,85,000.00 0.11 Pre-tax Profit 1,28,08,000.00 0.32 2,79,97,000.00 0.51 2,91,11,000.00 0.42 5,11,72,000.00 0.48 Tax Expense 71,60,000.00 0.18 -2,60,000.00 0.00 2,50,000.00 0.00 -41,68,000.00 -0.04 Net Profit after Tax Before Abnormal 1,99,68,000.00 0.50 2,77,37,000.00 0.50 2,93,61,000.00 0.42 4,70,04,000.00 0.44 Abnormal -44,03,000.00 -0.11 2,09,96,000.00 0.38 1,46,25,000.00 0.21 5,64,09,000.00 0.53 Abnormal Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Abnormal -44,03,000.00 -0.11 2,09,96,000.00 0.38 1,46,25,000.00 0.21 5,64,09,000.00 0.53 Reported NPAT After Abnormal 1,55,65,000.00 0.39 4,87,33,000.00 0.88 4,39,86,000.00 0.63 10,34,13,000.00 0.98 Outside Equity Interests -3,26,87,000.00 -0.82 -5,00,68,000.00 -0.91 -4,41,65,000.00 -0.63 -9,62,66,000.00 -0.91 Shares Outstanding at Period End 24,48,97,096.00 6.16 33,44,56,409.00 6.07 33,64,22,143.00 4.83 51,29,13,914.00 4.85 Weighted Average Number of Shares 14,15,14,780.00 29,43,18,578.00 33,51,29,606.00 49,85,24,137.00 EPS Adjusted (cents/share) -8.99 -7.59 -4.42 -9.88 EPS After Abnormal (cents/share) -12.10 -0.45 -0.05 1.43 Horizontal analysis of balance sheet: Item 06/14 Changes 06/15 Changes 06/16 Changes 06/17 Changes CA - Cash 82,64,000.00 0.019836917 94,94,000.00 0.02 1,33,74,000.00 0.01 2,31,66,000.00 0.02 CA - Receivables 47,21,000.00 0.011332295 62,53,000.00 0.01 91,02,000.00 0.01 1,50,18,000.00 0.01 CA - Investments 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CA - Other 16,63,000.00 0.003991867 8,33,000.00 0.00 13,43,000.00 0.00 69,44,000.00 0.00 Total Current Assets 1,46,48,000.00 0.035161079 1,65,80,000.00 0.03 2,38,19,000.00 0.03 4,51,28,000.00 0.03 NCA - Investments 50,77,000.00 0.012186838 67,09,000.00 0.01 1,51,01,000.00 0.02 1,05,91,000.00 0.01 NCA - Property 38,13,01,000.00 0.915275434 59,24,04,000.00 0.94 84,41,30,000.00 0.94 1,33,08,78,000.00 0.93 NCA - Other 1,55,71,000.00 0.037376649 1,52,22,000.00 0.02 1,66,77,000.00 0.02 5,07,28,000.00 0.04 Total NCA 40,19,49,000.00 0.964838921 61,43,35,000.00 0.97 87,59,08,000.00 0.97 1,39,21,97,000.00 0.97 Total Assets 41,65,97,000.00 1 63,09,15,000.00 1.00 89,97,27,000.00 1.00 1,43,73,25,000.00 1.00 Creditors 82,78,000.00 0.033880824 1,04,03,000.00 0.04 1,39,24,000.00 0.03 2,03,63,000.00 0.03 Provisions 1,03,75,000.00 0.042463584 1,52,19,000.00 0.06 1,67,05,000.00 0.03 2,60,96,000.00 0.04 Other 43,30,000.00 0.017722151 50,22,000.00 0.02 44,25,000.00 0.01 46,70,000.00 0.01 Total Curr. Liabilities 2,29,83,000.00 0.094066558 3,06,44,000.00 0.12 3,50,54,000.00 0.07 5,11,29,000.00 0.07 Borrowings 14,80,79,000.00 0.606068916 21,21,51,000.00 0.87 45,83,49,000.00 0.91 64,56,21,000.00 0.92 Deferred Tax 2,27,000.00 0.000929083 4,87,000.00 0.00 1,36,000.00 0.00 33,68,000.00 0.00 Other 9,81,000.00 0.004015111 19,71,000.00 0.01 78,38,000.00 0.02 45,90,000.00 0.01 Total NCL 14,92,87,000.00 0.611013109 21,46,09,000.00 0.88 46,63,23,000.00 0.93 65,35,79,000.00 0.93 Total Liabilities 17,22,70,000.00 0.705079668 24,52,53,000.00 1.00 50,13,77,000.00 1.00 70,47,08,000.00 1.00 Share Capital 1,77,58,000.00 0.072681284 3,14,19,000.00 0.08 3,17,07,000.00 0.08 5,91,45,000.00 0.08 Reserves 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 -22,000.00 0.00 11,000.00 0.00 Retained Earnings 32,01,000.00 0.013101295 18,66,000.00 0.00 16,87,000.00 0.00 88,34,000.00 0.01 Other Equity 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Convertible Equity 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Held Sale 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Outside Equity 22,33,68,000.00 0.914217422 35,23,77,000.00 0.91 36,49,78,000.00 0.92 66,46,27,000.00 0.91 Total Equity 24,43,27,000.00 1 38,56,62,000.00 1.00 39,83,50,000.00 1.00 73,26,17,000.00 1.00 Vertical analysis of income statement: Item 06/14 06/15 06/16 06/17 Rental Income 3,97,62,000.00 0.39 5,51,41,000.00 0.26 6,97,09,000.00 0.52 10,58,14,000.00 Investment Income 37,000.00 3.59 1,70,000.00 -0.09 1,55,000.00 4.50 8,53,000.00 Other Income 58,69,000.00 0.43 83,76,000.00 0.18 98,86,000.00 0.17 1,15,85,000.00 Pre-tax Profit 1,28,08,000.00 1.19 2,79,97,000.00 0.04 2,91,11,000.00 0.76 5,11,72,000.00 Tax Expense 71,60,000.00 -1.04 -2,60,000.00 -1.96 2,50,000.00 -17.67 -41,68,000.00 Net Profit after Tax Before Abnormal 1,99,68,000.00 0.39 2,77,37,000.00 0.06 2,93,61,000.00 0.60 4,70,04,000.00 Abnormal -44,03,000.00 -5.77 2,09,96,000.00 -0.30 1,46,25,000.00 2.86 5,64,09,000.00 Abnormal Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Abnormal -44,03,000.00 -5.77 2,09,96,000.00 -0.30 1,46,25,000.00 2.86 5,64,09,000.00 Reported NPAT After Abnormal 1,55,65,000.00 2.13 4,87,33,000.00 -0.10 4,39,86,000.00 1.35 10,34,13,000.00 Outside Equity Interests -3,26,87,000.00 0.53 -5,00,68,000.00 -0.12 -4,41,65,000.00 1.18 -9,62,66,000.00 Shares Outstanding at Period End 24,48,97,096.00 0.37 33,44,56,409.00 0.01 33,64,22,143.00 0.52 51,29,13,914.00 Weighted Average Number of Shares 14,15,14,780.00 1.08 29,43,18,578.00 0.14 33,51,29,606.00 0.49 49,85,24,137.00 EPS Adjusted (cents/share) -8.99 -7.59 -4.42 -9.88 EPS After Abnormal (cents/share) -12.10 -0.45 -0.05 1.43 Vertical analysis of balance sheet: Item 06/14 Changes 06/15 Changes 06/16 Changes 06/17 CA - Cash 82,64,000.00 0.15 94,94,000.00 0.41 1,33,74,000.00 0.73 2,31,66,000.00 CA - Receivables 47,21,000.00 0.32 62,53,000.00 0.46 91,02,000.00 0.65 1,50,18,000.00 CA - Investments 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CA - Other 16,63,000.00 -0.50 8,33,000.00 0.61 13,43,000.00 4.17 69,44,000.00 Total Current Assets 1,46,48,000.00 0.13 1,65,80,000.00 0.44 2,38,19,000.00 0.89 4,51,28,000.00 NCA - Investments 50,77,000.00 0.32 67,09,000.00 1.25 1,51,01,000.00 -0.30 1,05,91,000.00 NCA - Property 38,13,01,000.00 0.55 59,24,04,000.00 0.42 84,41,30,000.00 0.58 1,33,08,78,000.00 NCA - Other 1,55,71,000.00 -0.02 1,52,22,000.00 0.10 1,66,77,000.00 2.04 5,07,28,000.00 Total NCA 40,19,49,000.00 0.53 61,43,35,000.00 0.43 87,59,08,000.00 0.59 1,39,21,97,000.00 Total Assets 41,65,97,000.00 0.51 63,09,15,000.00 0.43 89,97,27,000.00 0.60 1,43,73,25,000.00 Creditors 82,78,000.00 0.26 1,04,03,000.00 0.34 1,39,24,000.00 0.46 2,03,63,000.00 Provisions 1,03,75,000.00 0.47 1,52,19,000.00 0.10 1,67,05,000.00 0.56 2,60,96,000.00 Other 43,30,000.00 0.16 50,22,000.00 -0.12 44,25,000.00 0.06 46,70,000.00 Total Curr. Liabilities 2,29,83,000.00 0.33 3,06,44,000.00 0.14 3,50,54,000.00 0.46 5,11,29,000.00 Borrowings 14,80,79,000.00 0.43 21,21,51,000.00 1.16 45,83,49,000.00 0.41 64,56,21,000.00 Deferred Tax 2,27,000.00 1.15 4,87,000.00 -0.72 1,36,000.00 23.76 33,68,000.00 Other 9,81,000.00 1.01 19,71,000.00 2.98 78,38,000.00 -0.41 45,90,000.00 Total NCL 14,92,87,000.00 0.44 21,46,09,000.00 1.17 46,63,23,000.00 0.40 65,35,79,000.00 Total Liabilities 17,22,70,000.00 0.42 24,52,53,000.00 1.04 50,13,77,000.00 0.41 70,47,08,000.00 Share Capital 1,77,58,000.00 0.77 3,14,19,000.00 0.01 3,17,07,000.00 0.87 5,91,45,000.00 Reserves 0.00 0.00 -22,000.00 -1.50 11,000.00 Retained Earnings 32,01,000.00 -0.42 18,66,000.00 -0.10 16,87,000.00 4.24 88,34,000.00 Other Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Convertible Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 SE Held Sale 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Outside Equity 22,33,68,000.00 0.58 35,23,77,000.00 0.04 36,49,78,000.00 0.82 66,46,27,000.00 Total Equity 24,43,27,000.00 0.58 38,56,62,000.00 0.03 39,83,50,000.00 0.84 73,26,17,000.00 References: Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., Littleboy, A. (2012). Our Future World: Global megatrends that will change the way we live. The 2012 Revision. CSIRO, Australia. Krantz, M. (2016). Fundamental analysis for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Lou, P., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Yao, M., Xu, Z. (2012, August). Fundamental analysis for indoor visible light positioning system. In Communications in China Workshops (ICCC), 2012 1st IEEE International Conference on (pp. 59-63). IEEE. Luo, P., Ghassemlooy, Z., Le Minh, H., Bentley, E., Burton, A., Tang, X. (2014, July). Fundamental analysis of a car to car visible light communication system. In Communication Systems, Networks Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2014 9th International Symposium on (pp. 1011-1016). IEEE. Morote, J., Garca-Ybarra, P. L., Castillo, J. L. (2013). Large amplitude oscillations of cruciform tailed missiles. Part 1: Catastrophic yaw fundamental analysis. Aerospace Science and Technology, 25(1), 145-151. Nelson, M. I., Balakrishnan, E., Sidhu, H. S. (2012). A fundamental analysis of continuous flow bioreactor and membrane reactor models with Tessier kinetics. Chemical Engineering Communications, 199(3), 417-433. Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J. (2012). Bottom-up analysis of single-case research designs. Journal of Behavioral Education, 21(3), 254-265. Sarsby, J., Martin, N. J., Lalor, P. F., Bunch, J., Cooper, H. J. (2014). Top-down and bottom-up identification of proteins by liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry of healthy and diseased human liver tissue. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 25(11), 1953-1961. Seng, D., Hancock, J. R. (2012). Fundamental analysis and the prediction of earnings. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 32. Yasin, A. (2014, March). A top-down method for performance analysis and counters architecture. In Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 35-44). IEEE. Zhang, Y., Fonslow, B. R., Shan, B., Baek, M. C., Yates III, J. R. (2013). Protein analysis by shotgun/bottom-up proteomics. Chemical reviews, 113(4), 2343-2394.

CBA Leads Bank Share Price Correction

Question: Discuss about the CBA Leads Bank Share Price Correction. Answer: Introduction: The article is entitled CBA leads bank share price correction is analysed in this report. The article primarily discuss how share price has plunged deeper in the major banks into correction territory following a weak trading update arising from Commonwealth Bank disclosing increasing costs, narrowing margin of profit and escalating loan losses. It indicates that CBA has agonized its sharpest day-to-day share price plunged ever since global financial crisis. CBAs shared price plummeted 5.9% to 82.98 dollars culminating to a further worsened investor sentiments. This followed a third-quarter unchanged profit report by CBA remain constant at $2.2 billon. This plunged has adversely affected CBAs competitors including Westpac, NAB, and ANZ Banking Group. The article concludes that the next immediate teething problem for the sector is profit result for NAB merged with 3 big 4 trading ex-dividend over the following week. The accounting theory used in this analysis is Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH)-semi strong form (SSF). EMH describes an investment theory that posits it is not possible to beat the market due to stock market efficiency that makes available share prices to incorporate as well as reflect every relevant information. Stock trade always at their fair value on stock exchanges which make it an impossibility for investors to buy undervalued stocks and sell stocks for exaggerated prices (Chi, Tripe Young, 2014). Hence, it remains an impossibility to outperform the entire market via expert stock selection and market timing. The investor can solely likely to acquire higher returns through the purchase of riskier investments. SSF implies every public information is computed into current share price of stock implying neither fundamental nor technical examinations can be utilized to accomplish superior returns. Hence, solely information hidden from the public is suggested to benefit the investors looking to earn abnormal ROI as every other information remains accounted. There is a direct relationship between the share price plunge and the information availed to the public by the Commonwealth Bank (CB) which is what SSF posited above. The plunge in shares in leading banks plunged deeper into correction territory only following a weak trading update given by the CB. This indicates that the public had the information that costs were rising, profit margins were narrowing and the loans losses were rising. According to SSF, every information available to the public is accounted for in the stock prices and no amount of technical or fundamental analysis gives superior returns. This describes why the investors used CBs update to punish the shares in CBA thereby plunging 5.9%. Indeed, CLSA Brian Johnson confirmed this hypothesis by stating that investors had already seized on the bad news of CBA relating to margins, bad loans and costs. Moreover, the David Ellis confirmed the SSF hypothesis by stating that the investors used the information thereby flocking to banks to exploit their huge dividends as bank shares were being sold off due to increasing yields hence yield trade. It is also believed that investors could be starting to question whether the fundamentals could justify the hideously expensive valuation, anchored on measures like price-to-earnings as well as price-to-book ratios. This means that the investors are aware of the SSF hypothesis that takes into calculation all public information into present stock share price and hence fundamental analysis cannot be applied to achieve gains by banks (Leuthold Hartmann, 2013). Due to EMH, the investors behaved in the manner above because they believed that the market remains ubiquitous and, therefore, no quantity of analysis could assist them achieve alpha returns (Groenewold, 2012). Thus, because market is a reflection of its participants, the market is, therefore, all knowing, and becomes unbeatable. It knows the right value to assign to a given stock as stated by EMH. This explains the above plunges in bank share prices (Aitken, Almeida McInish, 2013). Conclusion From the above information, it has been demonstrated that the share prices have extremely plunged due to the update by the Commonwealth Bank. This supports the EMH-semi strong form which posit that all publicly available information is accounted for and hence no degree of technical or fundamental analysis can help investors acquire alpha returns (Schenone, 2014). References Aitken, M., Almeida, N., McInish, T. H. (2013). Financial analysts and price discovery. Accounting Finance, 48(1), 1-24. Chi, J., Tripe, D. W., Young, M. R. (2014). Do exchange rates affect the stock performance of Australian Banks?. Available at SSRN 965599. Groenewold, N. (2012). Share market efficiency: tests using daily data for Australia and New Zealand. Applied Financial Economics, 7(6), 645-657. Leuthold, R. M., Hartmann, P. A. (2013). A semi-strong form evaluation of the efficiency of the hog futures market. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61(3), 482-489. Schenone, C. (2014). The effect of banking relationships on the firm's IPO underpricing. The Journal of Finance, 59(6), 2903-2958.